其次，品牌形象和消费者信任对高端美妆至关重要。消费者购买高端美妆产品，很大程度上是基于对品牌信誉和产品品质的信任。如果消费者因产品来源不明而产生不良体验，首当其冲会影响品牌长期积累的声誉。
If we wish to explain this sort of conviction, and the cases in which it finds expression,128 two options are available to us. The first is to say that, although B is unforeseeable to the defendant, the defendant nevertheless breaches a duty owed to B by shooting at A. To embrace this option is, of course, to abandon the idea that tort duties cannot be owed to unforeseeable plaintiffs. The second option is to say that B is entitled to redress against the defendant (and/or the defendant owes him an enforceable duty of compensation) despite the fact that the defendant has breached no duty owed to B. To embrace this option is to abandon the basic idea that liability must be founded on the breach of some duty owed to the plaintiff. Either way, transferred intent doctrine is incompatible with a fundamental assumption about tort law on which Cardozo’s reasoning in Palsgraf relies.
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threads and cleans up.
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